Essay --

Jessica's paper rough draft (Into) Some pain can't always be seen, what if a patient complains of sharp stabbing pains and describes it as being stung by a thousand bees all at once, and at the same time feels like their foot is on fire. Maybe the foot is swollen or discolored. Pain is not always visable. Sounds like classic nerve pain and we would be sypathic and prescribe pain control medications. Would you be less sympathetic and unwilling to give pain medications if you knew this patient had a history of substance abuse? Its time to break the stigma that patients with a history of substance abuse will abuse perscription opioids for pain control or are Dr. shopping. All patients should be treated equaly and have the oppertunity to live a pain free life. Often nurses are on the front lines helping these patients manage pain. This paper will show that non Judgmental attitudes together with problem solving approaches and routine drug screenings a patient with prior abuse can be treated for chronic pain successfully. (Relevance and applicability) Most patients do take their medications as directed, but there has been more attention in the media of the abuse of perscription medications. This is in part of the ageing population and opioids being widely accepted and used more often these days for the chronic non cancer pain paitent (1pg1) Although Studies show that the rate abuse of opioid patients with chronic pain is only 3% to 17% which is fairly low compared to the population. (Art1 pg32) The reason some paitents abuse opioids or turn to the illicit use of street drugs is t... ... vigilance in monitoring and may need to be treated for opioid abuse and or pshycatric help. (Conclusion) As opioids are becoming more acceptable as an on going treatment for chronic pain patients, the risks also rises for abuse of prescription drugs. For these reasons it's not only just limited to those patients with substance abuse issues, but also to patients without prior abuse histories. A cancer patient who has no prior substance abuse history should not be treated any more humanly or shown more compassion then a cancer patient with a prior substance abuse issue. It's important to achieve a therapeutic balance with all patients and specially those who live with chronic pain. With all the readily available studies, tests and assessments no one should have to live a half life with chronic pain Regardless of their history.

Paper Analysis Twenty Hubs and No Hq

This article tries to propose advantages of an alternative strategy of global business management for MNCs. According to the authors the previous strategies of management from the Head Quarters (centralized) or Head Quarters for most functions with regional offices and country managers (decentralized) are not as efficient as management without any Head Quarters and twenty strategically placed hubs. There are compelling reasons to follow this strategy. Firstly developing countries account for a much larger chunk of the net revenue. Secondly there are untapped markets in the form of economically weaker sections in these countries and the full potential of these can not be exploited with the prevalent management strategies. Thirdly there is a huge cost saving advantage with manufacturing in low cost countries and outsourcing is just one way to realize it. The basic concept of this strategy as given by the authors is to have 20 hubs in 20 different countries – 10 developing and 10 developed which account for 70% of the population of the two worlds in each case and on the whole and much of the economic activity. According to the authors having hubs in these 20 countries MNCs can serve all the markets in the whole world more efficiently than using any of the previous strategies. These hubs will serve as a gateway for these MNCs in these regions. As such all management and manufacturing functions required by the region can be shifted to these gateway countries. This will allow the MNCs to serve customers on every level of the income pyramid. Also it will reduce the sourcing cost by 20% and corporate overhead cost by 2/3rd. The gateway hub structure can be flexible with new countries becoming hubs as and when they reach the requisite level of development and each hub sourcing goods manufactured in other hubs. According to the authors in the gateway hub model risk can be spread over 10 or more locations with manufacturing and R&D in multiple locations. This article augments the learning by teaching to challenge any concept even the concept that look as basic as the centralized management and Head Quarters. INNOVATIVE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES The article tries to find the most relevant dimensions to use to cluster innovative international strategies to arrive at typologies that can be interpreted and used further. GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE OF THE INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL DEV IN THE PAST†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦YEARS INTERNATIONAL DEV IN THE NEXT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. YEARS INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY OF THE COMPETITOR IN THE INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY OF YOUR FIRM In this study they find out the most relevant dimensions and cluster cases according to these dimensions and identify some empirical types. The authors found the four main dimensions as Process of internationalization Segment scope Level of coordination across borders Fragments of narratives where an Innovative International Strategy WAS DESCRIBED by respondents were collected Content of fragments in the transcripts related to a firm was analysed to find the concepts used to characterize its strategy Cases that were similar to each other were clustered and formed an empirical type of IIs Major influences Footwear Competitive action :-relocation and innovative international strategy Cables and wires Struct forces:-technological intensity; new high growth markets; government intervention;comparative advantages(in cases) Paint Structural forces:- technological and marketing intensity Chocolate sugar and confectionary Structural Forces :- Marketing intensity and diff in consumption pattern across industries Competitive action:- MAA; Innovative International Strategy The authors arrived at six innovative international strategy typologies across these four industries. The main value addition from this article is how a study can be carried out to scientifically figure out the main innovative strategies and to gauge the scope of innovation and strategic management in the industry. It also helps find out the relation between strategy and the constraints under which it is developed.

New York Times Co. v. US Supreme Court Case

New York Times Company v. United States (1971) pitted First Amendment freedoms against national security interests. The case dealt with whether or not the executive branch of the United States government could request an injunction against the publication of classified material. The Supreme Court found that  prior restraint carries a heavy presumption against constitutional validity. Fast Facts: New York Times Co. v. United States Case Argued: June 26, 1971Decision Issued: June 30, 1971Petitioner: New York Times CompanyRespondent: Eric Griswold, Solicitor General for the United StatesKey Questions: Did the Nixon Administration violate freedom of the press under the First Amendment when they attempted to block publication of the Pentagon Papers?Majority: Justices Black, Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, White, MarshallDissenting: Justices Burger, Harlan, BlackmunRuling: Government should not have restricted publication. There is a â€Å"heavy presumption† against prior restraint and the Nixon Administration could not overcome that presumption. Facts of the Case On October 1, 1969, Daniel Ellsberg unlocked a safe in his office at Rand Corporation, a prominent military contractor. He pulled out a portion of a 7,000-page study and brought it to a nearby advertising agency above a flower shop. It was there that he and a friend, Anthony Russo Jr., copied the first pages of what would later become known as the Pentagon Papers.   Ellsberg eventually made a total of two copies of History of U.S. Decision-Making Process on Vietnam Policy,† which was labeled â€Å"Top Secret - Sensitive.† Ellsberg leaked the first copy to New York Times reporter Neil Sheehan in 1971, after a year of trying to get lawmakers to publicize the study.   The study proved that former President Lyndon B. Johnson had lied to the American people about the severity of the Vietnam War. It exposed that the government knew the war would cost more lives and more money than previously projected. By the spring of 1971, the U.S. had been officially involved in the Vietnam War for six years. Anti-war sentiment was growing, though President Richard Nixon’s administration seemed eager to continue the war effort.   The New York Times began printing portions of the report on June 13, 1971. Legal matters escalated quickly. The government sought an injunction in the Southern District of New York. The court denied the injunction but issued a temporary restraining order to allow the government to prepare for an appeal. Circuit Judge Irving R. Kaufman continued the temporary restraining order as hearings in the U.S. Court of Appeals proceeded.   On June 18, The Washington Post began printing portions of the Pentagon Papers. On June 22, 1971, eight circuit court judges heard the government’s case. The following day they issued a finding: The U.S. Court of Appeals declined the injunction. The government turned to the highest court for review, filing a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court. Attorneys for both parties appeared before the Court for oral arguments on June 26, only a week and a half after the government pursued its initial injunction. Constitutional Question Did the Nixon administration violate the First Amendment when it sought to prevent the New York Times and the Washington Post from printing excerpts of a classified government report? Arguments Alexander M. Bickel argued the case for the New York Times. Freedom of the press protects the publications from government censorship and, historically speaking, any form of prior restraint has been scrutinized, Bickel argued. The government violated the First Amendment when it sought to restrain two newspapers from publishing articles in advance. The U.S. Solicitor General, Erwin N. Griswold, argued the case for the government. Publishing the papers would cause irreparable harm to the government, Griswold argued. The papers, once made public, could hinder the administration’s relations with foreign powers or jeopardize current military endeavors. The Court should grant an injunction, allowing the government to exercise prior restraint, in order to protect national security, Griswold told the Court. Griswold noted that the papers were classified top secret. If given 45 days, he offered, the Nixon administration could appoint a joint task force to review and declassify the study. If allowed to do so, the government would no longer seek an injunction, he said. Per Curiam Opinion The Supreme Court issued a three-paragraph per curiam decision with a six-judge majority. Per curiam means by the court. A per curiam decision is written and issued by the court as a whole, rather a single justice. The Court found in favor of the New York Times and denied any act of prior restraint. The government, â€Å"carries a heavy burden of showing justification for the imposition of such a restraint,† a majority of justices agreed. The government could not meet this burden, making a restraint on publication unconstitutional. The Court vacated all temporary restraining orders issued by lower courts. This was all that Justices could agree on. Justice Hugo Black, in concurrence with Justice Douglas, argued that any form of prior restraint was against what the Founding Fathers intended in enacting the First Amendment. Justice Black commended the New York Times and the Washington Post for publishing the Pentagon Papers.   Justice Black wrote: â€Å"Both the history and language of the First Amendment support the view that the press must be left free to publish news, whatever the source, without censorship, injunctions, or prior restraints.† To ask for an injunction, Justice Black wrote, was to ask for the Supreme Court to agree that the Executive Branch and Congress could violate the First Amendment in the interest of â€Å"national security.† The concept of â€Å"security† was far too broad, Justice Black opined, to allow for such a ruling. Justice William J. Brennan Jr. authored a concurrence that suggested prior restraint could be used in the interest of national security, but that the government would have to show inevitable, direct, and immediate negative consequences. The government could not meet this burden in terms of the Pentagon Papers, he found. Attorneys for the government had not offered the court specific examples of how releasing the Pentagon Papers could imminently harm national security. Dissent Justices Harry Blackmun, Warren E. Burger, and John Marshall Harlan dissented. In independent dissents, they argued that the Court should defer to the executive branch when national security is questioned. Only government officials could know the ways in which information could harm military interests. The case had been rushed, both justices argued, and the Court had not been given enough time to fully evaluate the legal complexities at play. Impact New York Times Co. v. U.S. was a victory for newspapers and free press advocates. The ruling set a high bar government censorship. However, the legacy of New York Times Co. v. U.S. remains uncertain. The Court presented a fractured front, producing a per curiam decision that makes it difficult for prior restraint to occur, but does not outlaw the practice entirely. The ambiguity of the Supreme Courts ruling as a whole leaves the door open to future instances of prior restraint. Sources New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971).Martin, Douglas. â€Å"Anthony J. Russo, 71, Pentagon Papers Figure, Dies.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 Aug. 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/us/politics/09russo.html.Chokshi, Niraj. â€Å"Behind the Race to Publish the Top-Secret Pentagon Papers.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Dec. 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/us/pentagon-papers-post.html.

Energy and Human Beings in Ancient Times - 2535 Words

Introduction Energy and human beings in ancient times: In ancient times human muscles and animals were the primary source of energy. Man utilized this type of energy into his daily life activities by producing more work with least amount of human effort and time. So this form of energy was used in preparing weapons and other human controlled hearths to change the form of other metals for its use. Energy can be transformed from one form to another that can be either used for beneficent or destruction purpose. Greeks also completed their energy requirement from sun light. The ancient Greeks used the solar energy not only for domestic purpose but they used it as a weapon of mass destruction. They used great mirrors on their harbor to reflect the sunlight on enemy wooden ships to burn their sails. Form Of Energy : Energy is defined as â€Å"ability of body to do work† is called energy. Energy can be measured in the following units. †¢ Calorie †¢ Kilo Watt †¢ Joule †¢ The types of energy are given below. †¢ Kinetic Energy †¢ Potential Energy †¢ Chemical Energy †¢ Light Energy †¢ Nuclear Energy †¢ Solar Energy †¢ Wind Energy Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy can be defined as †Energy possessed by an object due to its movement† is called kinetic energy. Every moving an object has kinetic energy. When ball is moving in air it hasShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Gods Image?1314 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning God fitting into humanity’s sexual beings; as this debate continues to meander into space and time. In Part I, an endeavor proceeds to identify with how God’s Image could conceivably persist as being connected to people’s sexuality. In viewing Biblical teachings, the text informs us that God created male and female in His own image (Gen 1:27). Specifically, this particular reference appears puzzling if we consider that God exists everywhere, at the same time, with complete and unlimited Divine knowledgeRead MoreThe And Nature Of The Ancients And The Stars1618 Words   |  7 PagesProbably the MVP of questions, What is the purpose of life?, has come across all human beings thought s some time o r another and for each individual they most likely pondered this topic on many occasions throughout their life s. Many people find solace in their religions, others look to the ancients and the stars, while some just trust in nature. Maybe within all of these outlooks you can find truths about the meaning of life, but is the meaning or purpose of life the same for each individualRead MoreWhat Is The Purpose Of Life?1619 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is The Purpose Of Life? 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1212 Words

â€Å"Part of the torture is that the burden of guilt feels unending because you cannot undo the past† (Matsakis 119). In the book, Survivors Guilt by Aphrodite Matsakis, Ph. D, where Matsakis depicts what and why living with PTSD is unbearable. Matsakis explains that guilt is the root of PTSD. There is a never ending list of things to be guilty about after leaving a war, mainly; wishing you could get the health back of the injured, get back the lives that were taken and closure with soldiers you thought could have been saved. If the thoughts of these things could have closure and be let go, the survivor’s guilt would be surrendered. The quote, â€Å"Guilt demands punishment† (119), explains in such simple terms of why the root of PTSD is guilt. If the guilt is released, then the negative thoughts, feelings of hatred, anger and â€Å"what ifs† would all disappear. Addiction and abuse are two common disorders that people often inherit while attempting to co upe with their PTSD. 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TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesof traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.† (NIMH) Families of veterans struggle to help their loved ones. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by a person’s exposure to life-threatening or otherwise traumatic circumstances.† (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder affectsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic clusters instead of three. 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Taylors Principle of Management free essay sample

The work was fixed assuming rule of thumb or the amount of work done by an average worker. Taylor introduced Time and Motion Studies to fix performance standards. He fixed performance standards for time, cost, and quality of work, which lead to uniformity of work. As a result, the efficiency of the workers could be compared with each other. Factors that Affect Productivity Difference Between Intermittent Continuous Production System Problems in Measuring Productivity Difficulties Nine Main Benefits of Higher Productivity Importance of Location Planning Planning First Primary Important Function Of Management Management By Objectives (MBO) Peter Drucker MBO Decision Making Process In Management Problem Solving Authority, Responsibility and Accountability In Management Principle of Delegation of Authority Importance of Delegation Organisation Organizational Structure Organisational Chart 2. Differential Piece Rate System Taylor observed that workers did as little work as possible. He felt that under existing wage system, an efficient worker gained nothing extra. We will write a custom essay sample on Taylors Principle of Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, Taylor used the differential piece (unit) rate system. Under differential piece rate system, a standard output was first fixed. Then two wage rates were fixed as follows :1. Low wage rate was fixed for those workers who did not produce the standard output. 2. Higher wage rate was fixed for those workers who produced the standard output or who produced more than the standard output. Im a snake lover too, you article help me to I am grateful for this website because it is well only the low income earners pay tax in Nigeria. th Like this article bcause it explains better the st Hi! Great write up. Thanks for the fabulous piece o What is Finance? Meaning Definition Features of Finance What is Financial Planning? Meaning Types of Financial Plans What is Financial Management? Meaning Definition Scope Articles What is Corporate Finance? Meaning What it Includes? What is Credit Rating? Meaning and Articles on Credit Rating Motivation, Manifest Need Theory FINANCE Marketing Mix and 4 Ps of The Marketing Management Article What is Market Segmentation ? Importance In Modern Marketing 5 Ms of Advertising Features of The Advertising Management Quality Control Total Quality Management TQM Quality Circles . Functional Foremanship Taylor started Functional Foremanship. Here, 8 foremen (lower level manager or supervisor) are required to supervise the workers. This is because one foremen cannot be an expert in all the functions. Taylors functional foremanship consists of two groups of supervisors :1. At the Planning Level or Office Level. 2. At the Doing Level or Factory Level. CATEGORY BANKING What is a Bank ? Introduc tion, Definition and Features of Bank Different Types of Banks What are Various Kinds of Banks ? Commercial Banks Definitions, Primary Secondary Functions Balance Sheet of Commercial Bank Liabilities and Assets How to Open Bank Account ? 7 Steps To Open Bank Account What are the Advantages of Opening Bank Account ? Saving Account Bank Meaning, Features and Advantages of It Fixed Deposit Account of Bank Meaning, Features, Advantages What is Current Bank Account ? Its Features and Advantages Recurring Deposit Account In Bank Meaning and Features What is a Cheque ? Definition Kinds and Types of Cheques (a) At the Planning Level :- Taylor separated planning from doing. At the planning level there were four supervisors. They are :1. Time and Cost Clerk : This boss prepares the standard time for completing the work and cost of doing that work. 2. Route Clerk : This boss makes the exact route (way) through which each product has to travel from a raw-material to a finished product. 3. Discipline Clerk : This boss looks after the discipline and absenteeism problems in the organisation. 4. Instruction Card Clerk : The boss gives instructions about how to do a particular work. b) At the Doing Level :- At the doing level there were also four supervisors. They are :1. Gang Boss : He is responsible for setting up the machines and tools and for direct supervision of workers. 2. Speed Boss : He is responsible for maintaining a proper speed of work. 3. Repair Boss : He is responsible for the repairs and maintenance of machines. 4. Inspector Boss : He is responsible for maintaining the quality of production. What are Feature s of Cheques ? Main Characteristics of Checks What is Crossing of Cheque ? Different Types of Check Crossing Automated Teller Machine (ATM) The Advantages of ATM Machine E-Banking Online Banking Main Advantages of E-Banking Principles of Good Lending Every Banker Follows Loans Different Forms of Advances by Commercial Banks Loan Types Duties and Responsibilities of Computer Operator in Bank Nationalisation of Banks in India Introduction Objectives Demerits Narasimham Committee Report I 1991 II 1998 Recommendations New Economic Reforms of the Scroll Top 4. Mental Revolution Taylor introduced the concept of Mental Revolution. He said that the management and workers should have a positive attitude towards each other. This will result in close cooperation between them. This will increase productivity and profits. 5. Time Study 3 of 5 4/14/2013 6:25 AM Frederick Taylors Principles of Scientific Management Theory http://kalyan-city. blogspot. com/2011/06/frederick-taylor-principles-of. html Time study means to record the time taken for doing each part of a job. The full job is first observed and analysed. Then it is divided into different elements (parts). Later the time taken for doing each part of the job is recorded. This is done by using a stop clock. Time study helps the management to know exactly how much time it will take to do a particular job. This helps the management to fix the amount of work to be done by each worker in one hour or in one day. That is, management can fix a standard output of work for a certain period of time. Taylor advised all managers to do time study. This will prevent the workers from passing time, working slowly and doing less work. Time study helps to increase the productivity of the organisation. Banking Sector In India Brief Functions of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Credit Policy of RBI Administrative Law Advertising Banking Blogger Business Development C Programming Communication Skills Distinguish Between Dombivli City Economics 6. Fatigue and Motion Study Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (Husband and Wife) introduced fatigue and motion studies. Fatigue and motion studies find out and remove unnecessary and wasteful movements while doing the job. According to the Gilbreths, fatigue (tiredness) and motion (movements or actions) are interlinked. Every motion that is removed will reduce fatigue. Using cameras, they studied workers (masons) doing common jobs like bricklaying. They found that the workers do many wasted motions while doing their work. This resulted in fatigue. So, the Gilbreths asked the workers to stop all unnecessary motions and to do only the motions which were necessary for doing the job. They reduced the bricklayers motions from 18 to 5. This also reduced the fatigue of the bricklayers. Therefore, productivity of workers increased. Education Finance Health How To India Industrial Psychology Internet Javascript Kalyan City Life Guides Management Marketing Research 7. Gantt Charts Henry Gantt invented the Gantt chart.

Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay Example

Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay This essay is comparing two cultural poems, both written by people who have been taken from their home culture, to another one, which is different. The poems-Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan- are similar in some ways, but different in others. This essay will compare the two cultures, and the similarities and differences. Moniza Alvi wrote Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan. She was born in Pakistan in 1954 but was moved to England when she was a young child. As Moniza grew up in England she was separated from her origins and never felt entirely at home. This is shown in the poem half-English When Moniza revisited Pakistan she felt very English her cultural background was affecting her more than she realised. I feel that Moniza wrote the poem to show others how different it is to change cultures, to half belong to one and half belong to another culture. She mentions in a BBC interview her poem is autobiographical and reflects her growing up. At the start of the poem there is a strong sense of image, which helps to build up a feeling of adoration and beauty. We first see the idea of culture of culture in this poem in the clothing from Pakistan, which shows a rich sense of colour and beauty. When these clothes are later compared to with the cardigans from Marks and Spencers it is easy to see how one culture appears to splash out with colour in the various items of clothing, like the Salwar Kameez (loose trousers and a tunic, woven and worn traditionally by women). We will write a custom essay sample on Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the first stanza (verse) the beautiful clothing and strong visual continue but this beauty also has a dangerous side -the bangles she receives snap and cut her giving a slight sense of confusion which builds up slowly throughout the poem, coming back at stages. In stanza two it is obvious that the clothing is not what she wants. She feels that it doesnt suit her, that it is gorgeous but also too exotic alien in the sitting room line 17, suggesting that she prefers a more dull type of clothing, as shown in the second part of the stanza. I longed for denim and corduroy line 20-21 shows that her British clothing is what she prefers. The Pakistani clothing sets her aflame and she cant rise out of its fire. This part of the poem describes her and the clothing like a phoenix. She then describes herself as half-English. This may suggest that she feels that she doesnt fit in, she has no home. However, in stanza three there are some things that she likes about Pakistan, the camel skin lamp (Although this may not be from Pakistan it has more exotic qualities than English ones). She admires the transformation of camel to lampshade and the colour produce by it. Her mothers jewellery is described to make it look beautiful and precious. It almost seems inevitable that it will be stolen, as it shows a sense of danger, as do some of the other items from Pakistan, like the bangles. The items in the wardrobe give a good image of the differences between the two cultures. The dull, plain wardrobe and the dull, plain English clothing are completely opposite from the vibrant, bright Pakistani clothing, which stands out immensely. Her school friends are unimpressed with her clothing and want to see her weekend clothes. This shows a major cultural difference between her and her friends. She, However, admires the clothes and the mirror work. The poem moves into a flashback of her early childhood, as she is moving to England. She is left alone in her grandmothers dining room, suggesting that even in her early life she is isolated and separated from everyone else. In the poem, Moniza portrays a bad image of her homeland. The pictures that she has are from the time of her youth, though they are not described in the poem, show where she was born. They are different from the newspaper reports she reads later in her life when Lahore is a war torn country, a fractured land. She has pictures of Lahore in her mind; expectations of her country should be like to her. The environment she pictures shows a sexist environment, where the women and the men are separated. In the final stanza, we see that Moniza is isolated, left with the beggars and the sweeper girls, of no fixed nationality. It seems that wherever she goes, there is no sense of home, no place that she can belong to. All throughout the poem, there is a strong sense of wanting to belong, but in no way being able to belong, a sense of disappointment and regret. Search for my Tongue was written by Sujata Bhatt. She was born in India in 1956. Her family moved to America, where she was educated, and she now lives in Germany. The poem was first printed in her book, entitled Brunizem, in 1988 (The word Brunizem is a soil, a dark prairie soil which is found in Asia, Europe and North America This may reflect on the fact that she has lived in these areas. ) Search for my Tongue can be split into three parts. The first part is the lines 1 to 16, the second part is the Gujerati (lines 17 to 30) and the last part is lines 31 to 38. The first part of the poem describes how she has lost her tongue or her language. She describes two tongues in the poem, the mother tongue and the foreign tongue. The mother tongue is in reference to her original language, Gujerati and the foreign tongue is her new language, English (At the time the poem was written, Sujata as living in America). The lines You could not use them both together even if you thought that way show that even if you commonly use both languages, one can still dominate and possibly destroy the other one, leaving you with only one tongue. In the second half of the first part of the poem, we can tell that the mother tongue has gone rotten and died, causing the person to spit it out. However, the seed of the tongue is still in the person and comes back to her when she dreams. This part of the poem reflects some of the ideas bought forward by Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan. Both of the poems show a sense of cultural loss, one that is hard to regain. The Gujerati in section two is there for two reasons. One is to isolate the people who cannot speak Gujerati. Although the text can be read without this section, it helps to build up a sense of atmosphere in the poem. The other reason for the Gujerati to be there is that it shows the impact of the dream. It interrupts the poem, like a dream would interrupt, showing that the comeback is sudden, and cannot be controlled. Section three is an extended metaphor, a reflection of what section two is. The language is described as a plant, which has died, but left a seed for a new plant to grow, whilst another plant has taken its place. The first plan t grows from this a takes its place back from the other plant, and strengthens itself grows strong veins as time goes on. This is a way of succouring itself against the foreign tongue. The image the poem gives of both the plants is a very different one. The foreign tongue is given the image of a weed, one which has choked and held back the mother tongue, which is given a more beautiful image of blossoming. There are many similarities and differences between the poems. The ideas of culture are strong in each one, both contributing to the ideal culture of the writers, one which everyone is welcome and can speak the same way, without feeling isolated. Both the poets have been taken from their original, home cultures and thrown into a harsh society to them, one that prevents them from fully finding themselves. Both the poems have strong imagery, which is vivid. An example of this is the phoenix reference of rising from the ashes to be reborn, something both writers either wish to experience or have experienced. The main differences between the poems is the fact that in Search for my Tongue the person recovers their culture, whilst the other person in Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan loses their culture. I feel that Search for my Tongue is a more metaphorical poem, a dream-like one which discusses the aspects of a lost language, a major part in any culture. I feel that it has more influence than Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan as this is more literal and I dont fell has the depth of Search for my Tongue. The culture in both of the poems has shown how moving from one country to another can have a major impact on peoples lives and can affect them in a way which they do not understand or want.